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Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Leaves Impregnated with Zinc Chloride for the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solutions

Received: 27 June 2017     Accepted: 10 July 2017     Published: 31 July 2017
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Abstract

Removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution onto Activated carbon derived from Palm tree leaves (Phoenix dactylifera) as a novel precursor by chemical activation with ZnCl2, at specific condition of carbonization temperature at 500°C and 1 hour as a holding time and detonated as AC(PTL)ZnCl2. The obtained material was submitted to measurements of active surface area, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Batch-adsorption studied had been carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the AC(PTL)ZnCl2 for the removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution. The effect of various process parameters like pH, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature on the efficiency of Pb (II) removal was investigated. Maximum adsorption of Pb (II) on AC(PTL)ZnCl2(86.4%) was observed at pH 5.81. The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose and temperature were determined as 0.030 g and 25°C, respectively. Initial Pb (II) concentrations has important effect on AC(PTL)ZnCl2 in the studied range (25–125 mg/L) where the removal percentage increases as the metal ion decrease. The highest percentage removal of concentration corresponding to the maximum adsorption was found to be 82.75 ± 3.65. The adsorption equilibrium data was well explained by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The parameters suggested that the adsorption of Pb (II) on prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl2 is physical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm which fitted best for the experimental data obtained showed (Correlation Coefficient, R2 = 0.9463) higher than the (Freundlich isotherm, R2 = 0.7554), but more close to (Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, R2 = 0.9260). The porous characteristics and adsorption efficiencies of prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl2 were also investigated.

Published in American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12
Page(s) 59-69
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adsorption Isotherms, Activated Carbon, Palm Tree Leaves, Lead (II), Surface Area, Pore Size, SEM, FTIR

References
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    Mutasim H. Elhussien, Rashida M. Hussein, Sumia A. Nimir, Mawia H. Elsaim. (2017). Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Leaves Impregnated with Zinc Chloride for the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solutions. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 6(4), 59-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12

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    ACS Style

    Mutasim H. Elhussien; Rashida M. Hussein; Sumia A. Nimir; Mawia H. Elsaim. Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Leaves Impregnated with Zinc Chloride for the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solutions. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2017, 6(4), 59-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12

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    AMA Style

    Mutasim H. Elhussien, Rashida M. Hussein, Sumia A. Nimir, Mawia H. Elsaim. Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Leaves Impregnated with Zinc Chloride for the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solutions. Am J Phys Chem. 2017;6(4):59-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12,
      author = {Mutasim H. Elhussien and Rashida M. Hussein and Sumia A. Nimir and Mawia H. Elsaim},
      title = {Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Leaves Impregnated with Zinc Chloride for the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solutions},
      journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {59-69},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20170604.12},
      abstract = {Removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution onto Activated carbon derived from Palm tree leaves (Phoenix dactylifera) as a novel precursor by chemical activation with ZnCl2, at specific condition of carbonization temperature at 500°C and 1 hour as a holding time and detonated as AC(PTL)ZnCl2. The obtained material was submitted to measurements of active surface area, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Batch-adsorption studied had been carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the AC(PTL)ZnCl2 for the removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution. The effect of various process parameters like pH, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature on the efficiency of Pb (II) removal was investigated. Maximum adsorption of Pb (II) on AC(PTL)ZnCl2(86.4%) was observed at pH 5.81. The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose and temperature were determined as 0.030 g and 25°C, respectively. Initial Pb (II) concentrations has important effect on AC(PTL)ZnCl2 in the studied range (25–125 mg/L) where the removal percentage increases as the metal ion decrease. The highest percentage removal of concentration corresponding to the maximum adsorption was found to be 82.75 ± 3.65. The adsorption equilibrium data was well explained by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The parameters suggested that the adsorption of Pb (II) on prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl2 is physical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm which fitted best for the experimental data obtained showed (Correlation Coefficient, R2 = 0.9463) higher than the (Freundlich isotherm, R2 = 0.7554), but more close to (Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, R2 = 0.9260). The porous characteristics and adsorption efficiencies of prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl2 were also investigated.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Leaves Impregnated with Zinc Chloride for the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solutions
    AU  - Mutasim H. Elhussien
    AU  - Rashida M. Hussein
    AU  - Sumia A. Nimir
    AU  - Mawia H. Elsaim
    Y1  - 2017/07/31
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12
    T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
    SP  - 59
    EP  - 69
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2449
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20170604.12
    AB  - Removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution onto Activated carbon derived from Palm tree leaves (Phoenix dactylifera) as a novel precursor by chemical activation with ZnCl2, at specific condition of carbonization temperature at 500°C and 1 hour as a holding time and detonated as AC(PTL)ZnCl2. The obtained material was submitted to measurements of active surface area, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Batch-adsorption studied had been carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the AC(PTL)ZnCl2 for the removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution. The effect of various process parameters like pH, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature on the efficiency of Pb (II) removal was investigated. Maximum adsorption of Pb (II) on AC(PTL)ZnCl2(86.4%) was observed at pH 5.81. The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose and temperature were determined as 0.030 g and 25°C, respectively. Initial Pb (II) concentrations has important effect on AC(PTL)ZnCl2 in the studied range (25–125 mg/L) where the removal percentage increases as the metal ion decrease. The highest percentage removal of concentration corresponding to the maximum adsorption was found to be 82.75 ± 3.65. The adsorption equilibrium data was well explained by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The parameters suggested that the adsorption of Pb (II) on prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl2 is physical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm which fitted best for the experimental data obtained showed (Correlation Coefficient, R2 = 0.9463) higher than the (Freundlich isotherm, R2 = 0.7554), but more close to (Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, R2 = 0.9260). The porous characteristics and adsorption efficiencies of prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl2 were also investigated.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan

  • Department of Chemistry, Inaya Medical College, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan

  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdulatif Alhamed University of Technology, Merowe, Sudan

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